Major Research Areas of Bioinformatics

Major Research Areas of Bioinformatics Engineering is a diverse discipline, which includes several different fields and different branches. One important branch of engineering is biomedical engineering that consists of the study and design of new technologies related to biology and medicine. The field of biomedical engineering is further divided into additional areas, one being bioinformatics.Bioinformatics is a special part of biomedical engineering that focuses mainly on the development and enhancement of approaches for the purpose of storing, retrieval, organization and analysis of different forms of biological data. The field includes the development of different software tools that provide biological knowledge and advancements. One major part of bioinformatics is research and thus we would discuss some of the major research areas of bioinformatics. Sequence analysis is a new and one of the most important research areas of bioinformatics.It is nothing but the study of the DNA and genome sequences of different organisms. The study of such sequences help in the comparison of genes and thus leads to the development of new approaches and new technologies for the development and use of genome sequences for different purposes and for the development of new species. These studies can even be used for the identification of causes and treatment options for genetic disorders. Evolutionary biology is another major research area that makes use of bioinformatics for further developments.Biology is no longer limited to theories and theoretical models and studies. Bioinformatics is used in different ways for calculating different aspects of biology, whether it is DNA sequencing or some other numbering. The research in computational evolutionary biology helps in examining the information related to different species and organisms that can be further used for the enhancement of the field into future developments. The study of protein expression is also a major research area for bioinformatics.The working of the human body or any other organism on earth is highly dependent on the way the proteins in their bodies work and function. Thus, an analysis of proteins present in the bodies of different organisms helps in better statistical and theoretical analysis. Cancer mutations are difficult to analyze and study but not for bioinformatics. The examination of the cancer mutations is one of the major research areas of bioinformatics and thus can slowly and steadily helps in the treatment of he currently incurable disease of cancer. This research area includes several things, starting from the study of tumor lesions to the mutants that can help in curing the disease. The research areas of bioinformatics are vast and include several different areas and fields. Comparative genomics, network and systems biology and high-throughput image analysis are some of the other research areas and these areas would continue to multiply in number with time. Reference link: h ttp://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help

Chemical Bond and Crystal Field Theory

TextBooks Sr No T-1 T-2 Title Engineering Chemistry Chemistry Reference Books Sr No R-1 Other Reading Sr No OR-1 OR-2 OR-3 OR-4 OR-5 OR-6 OR-7 Journals articles as Compulsary reading (specific articles, complete reference) http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/journal/10. 1002/(ISSN)1097-4601 , http://www. springer. com/chemistry/electrochemistry/journal/10800 , http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/journal/13882481 , http://www. springerlink. com/content/100224/ , http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/journal/00108545 , http://pubs. acs. org/journal/joceah , http://www. ciencedirect. com/science/journal/00323861 , Title Author Edition 1st Year 2011 Publisher Name Cengage Learning Chemistry-Concepts and Applications Steven S. Zumdahl Author Suba Ramesh,S. Vairam , P. Kalyani Raymond Chang Edition 1st 9th Year 2011 2008 Publisher Name Wiley Tata McGraw Hill Relevant Websites Sr No RW-1 RW-2 RW-3 RW-4 RW-5 RW-6 (Web address) (only if relevant to the course) http://www. klte. hu/~lenteg/an imate. html http://dwb4. unl. edu/chemAnime/atomic_orbits. htm http://www. mhhe. com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/hybrv18. wf Salient Features Chemistry animation and videos Atomic orbital animations Hybridization animation http://jchemed. chem. wisc. edu/JCEDLib/WebWare/collection/open/JCEWWOR019/mo Molecular orbital theory animations movies. html http://www. mhhe. com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/activa2. swf http://dwb4. unl. edu/chemAnime/Electro. htm Activation energy animation Electrochemistry animations RW-7 RW-8 RW-9 http://www. mhhe. com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/galvan5. swf http://dwb4. unl. edu/chemAnime/acid_base. htm http://wwwchem. uwimona. edu. jm:1104/courses/CFT. tml Galvanic Cell animation Acid base animations Crystal field theory Audio Visual Aids Sr No AV-1 AV-2 (AV aids) (only if relevant to the course) http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-2/ Sali ent Features video on Introduction-Atom and molecule http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fallVideo lecture-wave particle duality 2008/video-lectures/lecture-3/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principlesof-chemical-science-fall-2008/video-lectures/lecture-4/ http://ocw. it. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fallAV on wavefunction and orbitals Mulitelectron atoms and electron 2008/video-lectures/lecture-5/ , http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles- configurations of-chemical-science-fall-2008/video-lectures/lecture-6/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-7/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-8/ http://ocw. mit. du/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-10/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-pri nciples-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-12/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-9/, http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principlesof-chemical-science-fall-2008/video-lectures/lecture-13/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-15/ http://ocw. mit. du/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-14/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-14/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-31/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-34/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-35/ http://ocw. mit. du/courses/chemistry/ 5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-26/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-24 http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-25/ AV on wavefunction and orbitals Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations AV on wavefunction and orbitals Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations Covalent and Ionic bond Covalent and ionic bond Electronegativity concept AV AV-3 AV-4 AV-5 AV-6 AV-7 AV-8AV-9 AV-10 AV-11 AV-12 AV-13 AV-14 AV-15 AV-16 AV-17 Hybridization and Shapes of molecules MO theory AV on MO of homonuclear diatomic molecules Av on rate law Av on transition state theory AV on catalysis AV on concept of redox reaction Balancing redox reaction Electrochemical cell AV-18 AV-19 AV-20 AV-21 AV-22 AV-23 AV-24 http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-21 / http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-22/ http://ocw. it. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-23/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-27/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-28/ http://wwwchem. uwimona. edu. jm:1104/courses/CFT. html http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-30/Classification of acid -base Autoionization of Water, pH Function, Strength of Acids and Bases,Equilibrium Involving Weak Acids and bases pH of salt solutions,buffers, Common ion effect, Acid-base titration. Introduction of coordination compounds, Nomenclature, Crystal Field Theory in octahedral complexes CFT Application of crystal field theory in magnetic properties and colour of the complex LTP week distribution: (LTP Weeks) Weeks before MTE Weeks After MTE Spill Over 7 6 2 Detailed Plan For LecturesWeek Number Lecture Number Broad Topic(Sub Topic) Chapters/Sections of Text/reference books Other Readings, Lecture Description Relevant Websites, Audio Visual Aids, software and Virtual Labs Introduction to syllabus and general discussion on chemical principles Discovery of electron and nucleus Introduction to syllabus and general discussion on chemical principles Discovery of electron and nucleus Learning Outcomes Pedagogical Tool Demonstration/ Case Study / Images / animation / ppt etc. Planned AV17 Week 1 Lecture 1 Atoms and Molecules(Importance T-1:Ch 1 Page 14-15 of chemical principles,Discovery and 25 section 1. of electron and nucleus,Waveand 1. 9 particle duality of light and matter) R-1:Ch 1 Page 25-27 Section 1. 5 Atoms and Molecules(Importance T-1:Ch 1 Page 14-15 of chemical principles,Discovery and 25 section 1. 6 of electron and nucleus,Waveand 1. 9 particle duality of light and matter) R-1:Ch 1 Page 25-27 Section 1. 5 Making them aware about the syllabus and its importance Lecture 2 Making them aware about the syllabus and its importance AV17 Week 1 Lecture 2 Atoms and Molecules(Schrodinger T-1:Ch 1 Page 14-15 equation,Quantum and 25 section 1. 6 numbers,Concept of wavefunction 1. and Ch 1 Page 32 and orbitals) -35 Section 1. 11 T-2:Ch 7 Page 279283 Section 7. 4and Ch 7 Page 286-287 Section 7. 6 Atoms and Molecules(Schrodinger T-1:Ch 1 Page 14-15 equation,Quantum and 25 section 1. 6 numbers,Concept of wavefunction 1. 9 and Ch 1 Page 32 and orbitals) -35 Section 1. 11 T-2:Ch 7 Page 279283 Section 7. 4and Ch 7 Page 286-287 Section 7. 6 Atoms and Molecules(Schrodinger T-1:Ch 1 Page 14-15 equation,Quantum and 25 section 1. 6 numbers,Concept of wavefunction 1. 9 and Ch 1 Page 32 and orbitals) -35 Section 1. 11 T-2:Ch 7 Page 279283 Section 7. 4and Ch 7 Page 286-287 Section 7. Atoms and Molecules (Mulitelectron atoms and electro n configurations) T-1:Ch 1 Page 27-31 35-40 Section 1. 10 1. 12-1. 13 De Broglie Equation, Limitation and numerical Schrodinger equation only and its Importance To explain particle and AV18 wave nature of matter and concept of wavefunctions ,orbitals Lecture 3 De Broglie Equation, Limitation and numerical Schrodinger equation only and its Importance To explain particle and AV18 wave nature of matter and concept of wavefunctions ,orbitals Week 2 Lecture 4 De Broglie Equation, Limitation and numerical Schrodinger equation only and its ImportanceTo explain particle and AV18 wave nature of matter and concept of wavefunctions ,orbitals spd orbitals shapes orientations including s p and d orbitals shapes orientations including nodes Electronic configuration of elements up to 30 atomic number using three building up principles Aufbaus rule Pauli Exclusion principle Hunds rule of maximum multiplicity Only electronegativity Pauling Concepts of Electronegativity To introduce the AV19 20 21 co ncept of orbital to define the arrangement of electrons at different energy level within an atomLecture 5 Atoms and Molecules(Electronegativity concepts,periodic properties) T-1:Ch A Page 87-91 Section A. 1 A. 2 T-2:Ch 7 Page 358375 To provide how does a AV24 covalent bond develop HW1 allotment ionic character Week 2 Lecture 5 Chemical Bonding(Covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajan's rule)) T-1:Ch A Page 87-88 Section A. 1 A. 2 and Ch 2 Page 49-54 Section 2. 1-2. 2 T-2:Ch 9 Page 366369 Section 9. 4 T-1:Ch A Page 87-88 Section A. 1 A. 2 and Ch 2 Page 49-54 Section 2. 1-2. 2 T-2:Ch 9 Page 366369 Section 9. 4 T-1:Ch A Page 87-91 Section A. 1 A. T-2:Ch 7 Page 358375 T-1:Ch 2 Page 58-64 T-2:Ch 10 Page 417429 T-1:Ch 2 Page 64-67 Section 2. 6 T-2:Ch 10 Page 429 -432 Section 10. 6 T-1:Ch 2 Page 67-70 Section 2. 6 T-2:Ch 10 Page 432437 Section 10. 7 RW-3 Lewis dot symbols Ionic bond Polar Non polar Covalent bonds and Comparision of the properties of covalent and ionic compounds, Fajans Rule Lewi s dot symbols Ionic bond Polar Non polar Covalent bonds and Comparision of the properties of covalent and ionic compounds, Fajans Rule Only electronegativity Pauling Concepts of ElectronegativityTo provide what type of AV22 23 bonding exist between various atoms to form a molecule Lecture 6 Chemical Bonding(Covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajan's rule)) To provide what type of AV22 23 bonding exist between various atoms to form a molecule Atoms and Molecules(Electronegativity concepts,periodic properties) To provide how does a AV24 covalent bond develop HW1 allotment ionic character Week 3 Lecture 7 Chemical Bonding(hybridization and shapes of molecules) sp sp2 and sp3 hybridization and their examples Concept BMO ABMO Bond Order Magnetic characterTo determine how do AV25 various atoms combine to form a molecule To define the existence AV26 stability and property magnetic character of molecule To define the existence AV27 stability and property magnetic character of molecule Lecture 8 C hemical Bonding(Molecular orbital theory) RW-4 Lecture 9 Chemical Bonding(molecular orbital diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecules) MO diagram Bond order and magnetic character of Homonuclear diatomic molecule only Week 4 Lecture 10Solid state(Idea of spatial T-1:Ch 3 Page 95-97 periodicity of lattices,band theory) Section 3. 1-3. 2 Amorphous and To define the nature of crystalline substance unit the substance formed cell Space Lattice due to arrangement of atoms or molecules Band theory Conduction To explain the electrical valence band Energy property of different Gap Application in substances Conductors Band theory Conduction To explain the electrical HW 1 submission valence band Energy property of different Gap Application in substances Semiconductor Types n nd p , Insulators Lecture 11 Solid state(Electrical properties of material like conductor) T-1:Ch B Page 142144 Section B. 3-B. 4 T-2:Ch 20 Page 876878 Section 20. 3 T-1:Ch B Page 145 Section B. 4 T-2:Ch 20 Page 876878 Se ction 20. 3 Lecture 12 Solid state(semiconductor and insulator) Week 5 Lecture 13 Chemical dynamics and Catalysis (Rate laws,nuclear chemistry and elementary reactions) T-1:Ch 6 Page 261268 Section 6. 1-6. 3 T-2:Ch 13 Page 546 – 564 567 Section 13. -13. 3 T-1:Ch 6 Page 287289 Section 6. 6 T-2:Ch 13 Page 568571 Section 13. 4 RW-5 Rate Order of reactions Units of Rate constant Rate law Integrated rate Law derivation amp numerical based on zero amp first Order reactions To have the understanding of reaction the stochiometry of reactants to form products AV28 Lecture 14 Chemical dynamics and Catalysis (Collision theory, Arrhenius concept,application of transition state theory (Energy profile diagram))Collision theory and To explain how do factors affecting it,No various reactions takes Derivation Arhenius place equation terms Activation energy Energy profile diagrams including intermediate and transition state reaction mechanism and To explain the sequence AV29 its evidence of st eps in a reaction and verification of proposed mechanism Lecture 15 Chemical dynamics and Catalysis (Reaction mechanism) T-1:Ch 6 Page 281286 289 Section 6. 56. 6 T-2:Ch 13 Page 571581 Section 13. 4 and13. 5 T-1:Ch 13 Page 581 and 586-588. Section 13. 6 T-2:Ch 14 Page737738 Week 6 Lecture 16 Chemical dynamics and Catalysis (Enzyme catalysis) nzyme catalysis, Protein To explain the increase AV30 chain peptidase in rate of reaction due Test 1 Allotment to substance without being consumed itself during the course of reaction taking enzyme catalysis Homework,Test 1 RW-6 Reduction amp oxidation To provide basics of Oxidizing and reducing electrochemistry To agents Oxidation number provide basics of electron transfer Balancing redox reaction reactions by ion electron method Galvanic cell Anode cathode Salt bridge and its significance Standard reduction potential and SHE Application of series Analytical numerical To explain how a chemical reaction is used to generate electricity and to pro vide possible combination of reactants in order to generate electricity AV31 32 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Electrochemistry(Concept of Redox reaction,Balancing redox reaction) T-1:Ch 8 Page 330332 Section 8. 2-8. 3 T-2:Ch 19 Page 820 822 Section 19. 1 Week 7 Lecture 19 Electrochemistry(Electrochemical T-1:Ch 8 Page 332cell,Application of electrochemical 335 Section 8. 4 Ch 8 series) Page 335-342 345 347-352 Section 8. 58. 6 8. 8 T-2:Ch 19 Page 823 825 Section 19. Ch 19 Page 827 – 830 Section 19. 3 RW-7 Av33 Week 7 Lecture 20 Electrochemistry(Electrochemical T-1:Ch 8 Page 332cell,Application of electrochemical 335 Section 8. 4 Ch 8 series) Page 335-342 345 347-352 Section 8. 58. 6 8. 8 T-2:Ch 19 Page 823 825 Section 19. 2 Ch 19 Page 827 – 830 Section 19. 3 Electrochemistry(Nernst equation, corrosion) T-1:Ch 8 Page 335342 345 347-352 Section 8. 5-8. 6 8. 8 Ch 19 Page 853-854 868 Section 19. 119. 7 T-2:Ch 19 Page 827 830 Section 19. 3 Page 844 – 848 Section 19. 7 T-1:Ch 8 Page 335342 345 347-352 Section 8. 5-8. 6 8. 8 Ch 19 Page 853-854 868 Section 19. 119. 7 T-2:Ch 19 Page 827 830 Section 19. 3 Page 844 – 848 Section 19. 7 RW-7Galvanic cell Anode cathode Salt bridge and its significance Standard reduction potential and SHE Application of series Analytical numerical To explain how a chemical reaction is used to generate electricity and to provide possible combination of reactants in order to generate electricity Av33 Nernst equation numerical General Type Dry and wet Rusting of iron Corrosion prevention including cathodic protection Nernst equation and To explain deterioration of metals and its prevention Lecture 21 Electrochemistry(Nernst equation, corrosion) Nernst equation numerical General Type Dry and wet Rusting of iron Corrosion prevention including cathodic protection Nernst equation and To explain deterioration of metals and its prevention MID-TERMWeek 8 Lecture 22 Acid and bases(Classification of acid-bases, auto ionization of wat er, pH function, strength of acids and bases) T-2:Ch 15 Page 646 – 652 Section 15. 1 15. 2 15. 3 15. 4 RW-8 Different Concepts Arrhenius Bronsted Lowry and Lewis Autoionization of Water pH and Its measurement Strength of Acids and Bases Different Concepts Arrhenius Bronsted Lowry and Lewis Autoionization of Water pH and Its measurement Strength of Acids and Bases Equilibrium Involving Weak Acids and base To explain Different Concepts of Acid and bases pH AV 34 35 Lecture 23 Acid and bases(Classification of acid-bases, auto ionization of water, pH function, strength of acids and bases)T-2:Ch 15 Page 646 – 652 Section 15. 1 15. 2 15. 3 15. 4 RW-8 To explain Different Concepts of Acid and bases pH AV 34 35 Lecture 24 Acid and bases(Equilibrium T-2:Ch 15 Page 647– involving weak acids. equilibrium 663 Section15. 5 15. 6 involving weak bases) Acid base equilibria understanding AV 35 Week 9 Lecture 25 Acid and bases(Equilibrium T-2:Ch 15 Page 647– involving wea k acids. equilibrium 663 Section15. 5 15. 6 involving weak bases) Acid and bases(pH of salt solutions,buffers) T-2:Ch 15 Page 674 – 679 Section 15. 10 Ch 16 Page 698 – 716 Section 16. 216. 4 R-1:Ch 6Page259266 T-2:Ch 15 Page 674 – 679 Section 15. 10 Ch 16 Page 698 – 716 Section 16. 216. R-1:Ch 6Page259266 T-2:Ch 16 Page 698 – 716 Section 16. 216. 4 R-1:Ch 7 Page286314 T-1:Ch 4 Page 165170 Section 4. 5-4. 6 Equilibrium Involving Weak Acids and base pH of salt solutions and buffers Acid base equilibria understanding buffer and salt pH determination AV 35 Lecture 26 AV36 Lecture 27 Acid and bases(pH of salt solutions,buffers) pH of salt solutions and buffers buffer and salt pH determination AV36 Acid and bases(Common ion effect,acid-base titration) Common ion effect and Understanding pH acid base titration curves metric titration ex strong base vs weak acid AV36 Week 10 Lecture 28 Transition Metal Chemistry (Introduction and nomenclature of coordinati on compounds)Coordination compounds To explain the basics of AV 37 Ligands Donor atoms metalcomplexes coordination sphere Chelates oxidation state of central metal coordination number Nomenclature examples RW-9 Concept Splitting Energy Factors effecting Splitting Nature of ligands including Spectrochemical series oxidation state of metal and size of d orbitals CFSE in Tetrahedral complexes Splitting in square planar Comparision between Splitting energy of Octahedral and Tetrahedral complexes Effect of geometry on crystal field splitting To define the existence AV 38 39 and stability of different octahedral tetrahedral and square planar complexes of metals Lecture 29 Transition Metal Chemistry (Crystal Field Theory) T-1:Ch 4 Page 155160 Section 4. 2 Week 10 Lecture 30 Transition Metal Chemistry (Crystal Field Theory) T-1:Ch 4 Page 155160 Section 4. 2 RW-9Concept Splitting Energy Factors effecting Splitting Nature of ligands including Spectrochemical series oxidation state of metal an d size of d orbitals CFSE in Tetrahedral complexes Splitting in square planar Comparision between Splitting energy of Octahedral and Tetrahedral complexes Effect of geometry on crystal field splitting Application of crystal field theory in magnetic properties and colour of the complex Application of crystal field theory in magnetic properties and colour of the complex To define the existence AV 38 39 and stability of different octahedral tetrahedral and square planar complexes of metals Week 11 Lecture 31 Transition Metal Chemistry T-1:Ch 4 Page 163(Application of crystal field theory 164 Section 4. 4 in magnetic properties) T-2:Ch 22 Page 950955 Section 22. Transition Metal Chemistry(Colour T-1:Ch 4 Page 163of the complexes) 164 Section 4. 4 T-2:Ch 22 Page 950955 Section 22. 5 To explain the Av 40 properties magnetic character and colour of metal complexes To explain the AV 40 properties magnetic character and colour of metal complexes Lecture 32 Organometallics(Introductory theory of organometallics and its application) T-1:Ch C Page 187192 Section C. 1 Introduction Example of To explain the basics of Grignard reagent metalcarbon complexes ZeiglerNatta catalyst Application In polymerization with reaction hemoglobin and chlorophyll molecule use of metal in biological system Organometallics(Metals in biology) Lecture 33 Polymerization(Classification of polymers)R-1:Ch 18 page 941945 T-1:Ch 14 Page 601605 Section 14. 114. 2 Terms Monomer To explain different Oligomers Polymers types of polymers polymerization Degree of polymerization Functionality Clasification on the basis of structure types of monomer units Including Types of Copolymers occurance method of synthesis stereochemistry and thermal behavior Uses Addition Condensation and Copolymerisation with examples To provide various Test 2 allotment methods of synthesis of polymers Week 12 Lecture 34 Polymerization(Type of polymerisation) T-1:Ch 14 Page 606607 Section 14. 3 Week 12 Lecture 35 Polymerization(Ap plication of polymers) T-1:Ch 14 Page 601605 634-638 648-649 653-655 Section 14. 1-14. 14. 5-14. 6 Application of polymers To provide uses of polymers Lecture 36 Week 13 Lecture 37 Photochemistry(Jablonskii diagram) Photochemistry(Concept of fluorescence) T-1:Ch 22 Page 984986 Section 22. 3 T-1:Ch 22 Page 983989 Section 22. Homework,Test 2 Jablonskii diagram Singlet triplet To explain different possibilities on absorption of radiation Lecture 38 Concept of fluorescence To provide influence of rdiation on behavior of matter phosphorescence Quantum Yield Application of photochemistry in Photovoltaic solar cell To provide influence of rdiation on behavior of matter To use the principle of photochemistry in Photovoltaic solar cellPhotochemistry(Phosphorescence) T-1:Ch 22 Page 987989 Section 22. 5 Lecture 39 Photochemistry(Application of photochemistry in photo voltaic cell /solar cell) T-1:Ch 22 Page 989991 Section 22. 6 SPILL OVER Week 14 Lecture 40 Lecture 41 Revision Revision revisio n of syllabi upto MTE revision of syllabi after MTE Scheme for CA: Component Homework,Test Frequency 2 Total :Out Of 3 Each Marks Total Marks 10 10 20 20 Details of Academic Task(s) AT No. Objective Topic of the Academic Task Nature of Academic Task (group/individuals/field work Evaluation Mode Allottment / submission Week 2/4 Homework 1 To analyze comprehensive and analytical skills of studentsWave-particle duality of light and matter, Schrodinger equation, Individual Quantum numbers, Concept of wavefunction and orbitals, Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations, covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajan’s rule) and electro-negativity concepts, hybridization and shapes of molecules, Molecular orbital theory, molecular orbital diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecule. performance based Homework,Test 1 To analyze the conceptual and analytical skills of students Wave-particle duality of light and matter, SchrA? AÂ ¶dinger Individual equation, Quantum numbers, Concept of wavef unction and orbitals, Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations, covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajan's rule) and electro-negativity concepts, hybridization and shapes of molecules, Molecular orbital theory, molecular orbital diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecule.Concept of crystalinity and type of lattices, Band theory and its application in electrical properties of material like conductor, semiconductor and insulator Rate laws,Nuclear chemistry and elementary reaction, Collision theory, Arhenius concept, Application of Transition state theory (Energy profile diagram), Reaction mechanism . Concept of Redox reaction, Balancing redox reaction Individual Electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, Application of electrochemical series, Corrosion, Classification of Acid-Bases, Autoionization of Water, pH Function, Strength of Acids and Bases, Equilibrium Involving Weak Acids. Equilibrium involving weak bases, pH of salt solutions, and buffers,Common ion effect,Acid-base titration, I ntroduction of coordination compounds, Nomenclature, Crystal Field Theory and its application. Classification of polymers. Performance based 6/6 Homework,Test 2To analyze the knowledge of students which they gained from this course. Performance based 11 / 11 Plan for Tutorial: (Please do not use these time slots for syllabus coverage) Tutorial No. Lecture Topic Type of pedagogical tool(s) planned (case analysis,problem solving test,role play,business game etc) Tutorial 1 Importance of chemical principles,Discovery of electron Problem solving and nucleus,Wave-particle duality of light and matter, Schrodinger equation, Quantum numbers Concept of wavefunction and orbitals, Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations,electro-negativity concepts,Periodic properties Problem solving Tutorial 2 Tutorial 3

Reflection and Refraction of Light Essay

Objective The purpose of this experiment is to prove the laws of reflection and refraction, and to determine the angle of the total internal reflection and the index of refraction in the experiment. Theory The theory being experimented in this procedure is that of Willebrord Snell. From his theory we understand that the incident ray, the normal line and the refracted ray all lie on the same plane. We also understand that the relationship is defined in a ratio with the following equation; Which means that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction, I equal to the ratio of the speed of light in the original medium and the speed of light in the refracting medium. Procedure We set up the optics track, light source and the ray table. We then aligned the flat side of the mirror with the ray of light from the light source. We rotated the ray table in increments of 10 ÌŠ. The first set were done going clockwise. Once done we then did the same thing but going counterclockwise. This gave us the Angles of Reflection. FromThe two Angles of Reflection we were able to calculate the average Angles of Reflection, listed in Table 1. For the Law of Refraction, we replaced the mirror with a Acrylic cylindrical lens. We rotated the ray table clockwise by increments of 10ÌŠ again. We repeated the same measurements but instead with counterclockwise angles. From the two angles of refraction we were able to calculate the average angles of refraction. Finally, we aligned the flat side of the lens so that incoming light ray struck the cylindrical surface. We rotated the ray table until the refracted ray disappeared completely and only the reflected ray was visible. This is the angle of incidence. This gave us our angle of incidence theoretical value. From this we were also able to calculate the angle of refraction.

Choose ONE of the following questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Choose ONE of the following questions - Essay Example When it is about the realism in theatre, the most important focus is laid down on the film movement that took place in Italy called the neo-realist movement. This movement was created on the basis of a collection of the 1940’s and 1950’s films, most of which based on the recovering of Italy in the social and economic aspect as soon as the Fascist regime ended. This movement gives a detailed understanding of the key principle and idea behind the movement and how it influenced the modern day theatre in the European and world cinema (Nagib, 2011, p. 4). Neo-realism is a concept in which ‘neo’ is taken from a Latin term which means ‘new’. The addition of the term new in realism clearly showed that the movement tended to develop the ideas that were originally presented about realism through the classical traditional films, into a new concept that supported realism in the modern world cinema. At the time of the neo-realist movement, realism had already been evolved as a concept in the film industry. However, a group of writers who wrote in the magazine Cinema of that time introduced the concept of neo-realism. Their unhappiness with the current affairs of the state was the reason why they decided to launch a movement where their voices would be out loud through film focusing on the problems of the society that they, themselves, were witnessing (Gazetas, 2008, p. 127). These films often used new and amateur actors to be as close to real as possible. Today, this movement is known as a movement with films of the same characteristics. In many definitions about neo-realism, the director Roberto Rosselini said that neo-realism is â€Å"a Label† which remains undefined most of the times. He added that for him neo-realism is a moral position through which we look at the world. With the great filmmakers that evolved at the time, there was no real definition that could emerge and be agreed upon by all. Hence, neo-realism became a movement on which many

Health care issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health care issues - Essay Example The Republicans, on one hand, advocate for tax incentives as a measure of expanding private insurance and preventing costs. They want every American family to be able to purchase insurance through such â€Å"marginal incentives† (Mooney). These differences have persisted since the administration of former Republican President George W. Bush. Federalism’s main role in the issue of health care is to provide unity amidst diversity. It is understandable that each federal government feels threatened by the health care reform law passed under Obama’s administration. The law’s provisions tend to intrude â€Å"deeply into the internal affairs of the states† and contradict the very essence of federalism (Moffit). In a federalist set-up, local government units (states) and the national government share governing powers. These states are also vested with constitutional sovereignty and can pass their own laws independent from each other and from Washington. Congress officers’ intrusion is no longer healthy to the federalism espoused by the US. They specify â€Å"how states are to arrange health insurance markets within their borders,† and determine the â€Å"products that will be sold to their citizens† (Moffit). The state of California responded to the health care law by not complyi ng with the federal legislation. As a result, the federal government is passing two bills, calling for its compliance (Haberkorn). The state has not joined 14 other states in blocking the health care law, but is merely enjoying its power to ignore legislation. Governor Schwarzenegger had other priorities in mind, like cutting the health care budget of California and expanding oil drilling in Sta. Barbara (Wood). The governor also said he opted out of compliance and support for the programs because congress was buying votes to pass the health care law (Falcone). The US Constitution prevents the President, acting through

Complete work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Complete work - Essay Example For the few women who owned businesses, and were married â€Å"in manu† (meaning their husbands were in control of them), the groom together with his family was in charge of all the woman’s possessions. This law prevented women from owning anything they earned with the inclusion of her inheritance and dowry (Kidner, 2014). Women almost had no say in the ‘manus’ marriage and what the husband said was the last word on all the matters. I believe that if the women were given the opportunity to own property in the manus marriage, their families would have benefited more, as there would be two providers. In politics, women could not support their husbands in privacy and not in the public. Their public role was to attend to the traditional activities of household chores. At home they could weave, spin yarn in order to make clothes for their families (Kidner, 2014). If women had a say in politics and even participated in things like voting, most of the empire probl ems would be unheard of and the empire governed in a much better way. Women were also made to think that their role was to sit pretty at home, nurture their children and heed to their husband's decisions. Unlike today's society, fathers chose husbands for their daughters and girls got married at the legal age of 12 years (Kidner, 2014). Fathers allowing their daughters to become of age and then get married to the men of their choice would have resulted in decreasing the number of divorces as well as sexual promiscuity. The male dominance in the Roman Empire was a great influence on how women led their lives. The men were the determinants of what was good or bad for the women. They suppressed the voice of the women who only had an option of doing that which their husbands or fathers demanded from them. Their opinions did not matter and therefore were in no way an influence to the social norms nor the political attributes in the empire. This did not stop the women but they raised high above the norms and laws and managed to change their world. This persuasive paper shows how women changed some of the social factors of the Roman Empire. Women in the Roman Empire may not have had any political office or any voting rights but made great contributions in religion. They did this amidst the fact that they could not stand for their rights. Women always had to serve under a male figure, be it a husband or a father. Men dominated in the social field and politics but the amazing thing is that they were not a great influence on religion. As it was customary, the women took care of the homestead’s shrines, altars, and offering daily prayers. They would perform the necessary rituals to keep the household gods appeased. The Romans believed that these gods, when women appeased them, would live in harmony with the family. The appeased spirits would protect the home and family from any harm and so the women had to pay attention to how well they kept the gods. However, thi s changed over time as women became goddesses and there are coins present in the empire that have images of these goddesses. Helena was the woman who saw it that Christianity was the foundation of the Roman Empire (Winter, 2003). The chauvinistic male society made it clear that only males would assess education. Women, as per

Sodium Na+ channel Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sodium Na+ Channel - Lab Report Example Patients with cardiac insufficiency receive drugs that affect the sodium pump in order to stabilize the heartbeat. Voltage-gated sodium channels. The family consists of at least 9 members and is largely responsible for action potential creation and propagation. The pore-forming alpha subunits are very large(up to 4,000 amino acids) and consist of four homologous repeat domains, comprising six transmembrane segments and transverse the cell membrane 24 times. They coassemble with a beta subunit that spans the membrane. Scorpion toxin has been used for classification of these channels. Diagram of a voltage-sensitive sodium channel ÃŽ ±-subunit. G - glycosylation, P - phosphorylation, S - ion selectivity, I - inactivation, positive (+) charges in S4 are important for transmembrane voltage sensing Frank H. Yu and William A. Catterall (2003) "Overview of the voltage-gated sodium channel family" in Genome Biol. 4(3): 207. ([http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=153452 Full text online]). Class Ia agents depress phase 0 depolarization and reduce Vmax which prolongs the action potential duration by slowing conductance, these agents include quinidine, procainamide, and disopyramide and should be used in conjunction with an AV node blocking agent such as digoxin or a beta-blocker. Class Ib agents have the fast onset and offset kinetics and little or no effect at slower heartbeats. These include lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide, and phenytoin. Class Ic agents markedly depress the phase 0 depolarization. They are indicated for life-threatening ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. They are potentially pro-arrhythmic, especially in settings of structural heart disease, as in post-myocardial infarction and contraindicated in such instances.  

Seismic engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Seismic engineering - Research Paper Example The occurrence of earthquakes is mainly in the areas that happen to be on the edges of tectonic plates. As the brittle structure of the plates hit each other in its movement over the softer lower layers, the shock waves travel through the crust of the earth in the form of earthquakes (Walker 2007). This is now detailed event specific on how an earthquake happens. There might be a variety of ways that plates brush against each other causing an earthquake. This is directly in relation to the geological setting of these plates which will be described in the specific case ahead. http://www.cini.org.uk/progressreports/prkashmirearthquake.html Taking the 2005 Kashmir earthquake as an example, it is simple to understand how geological settings of plates influence the earthquake zones and the damage caused. Killing over 80,000 people in Pakistan and over 1,000 in India as well as leaving over 4 million people without homes, the earthquake was one of the devastating contemporary earthquakes ( Roza, 2007). Earthquake matching the size of this one impact human civilization at range of fronts (Roza, 2007). Pakistan has been labeled as being vulnerable to seismic events in general and has experienced earthquakes from time to time (Kakar 2008) because of its position over the edge of the Indian plate (Khan 2000). The Indian plate runs through the full length of the country (Khan 2000) making many areas of the region in the most affected zones of the earthquakes. Research alludes, the higher the presence of plates (and hence the plate boundaries) is, the higher the earthquakes occur in the region (Ford & Taylor 2006). This has been exemplified by the comparison that Pacific ocean has more earthquakes since it has more tectonic plates than the Atlantic ocean (Ford & Taylor 2006). The plate movement is slow enough to be measurable in centimeters a year yet the interaction, scraping and the hitting of plates even at that pace is enough to cause seismic events that have significan t effect on the earth’s surface (Ford & Taylor 2006). http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/KashmirEarthquake/ The Himalayan mountain range, which itself has been born out of the seismic instability from the plates’ interaction, has had the same reasons for its birth in that specific region as that of the plate tectonics. The geological tectonic setting is such that any plate collision results in earthquakes along the fault lines which go right through the length of the country (Khan 2000). Reports attributed more than 978 aftershocks to the earthquake on daily basis (ReliefWeb 2005) that were at times of greater magnitude than the earthquake itself. Sudden slip events at the plate edges cause the shocks that travel through the length of the fault lines (Hubenthal et. al 2008). The elasticity of the earth’s crust

The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources Usage in London Essay

The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources Usage in London - Essay Example The essay "The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources Usage in London" talks about the effectiveness of energy sources usage in London area and the factors affecting the availability of fuels. The most important issue affecting the availability of fuels is the change in the climate and the global warming. Fears from the environmental changes tend to hinder the exploration processes of fuels. Controlling the usage of fuel energy has increased, leading to the inadequate availability of the same. Moreover, economic constraints are also prevalent from the fact that the fuels are often available at larger distances difficult for consumers to reach. Another factor that might affect the availability and usage of fuels is any kind of instability in the political environment. London has its energy policy that includes developmental planning to capitalize on the available efficiency of the energy sources and minimize the emission of carbon contents in the air. The energy plan of the city focuses on the use of combined heat and power (CHP) and renewable energy in order to make efficient use of the available sources. Several applications on the strategic planning of energy usage have been approved over the years that are based on addressing the issues of climate changes, reduction of energy usage, saving energy, and other relevant factors. Thermodynamics deals with the study of energy and the transformation processes of such energy. According to the first law of thermodynamics, it is possible to conserve the energy and its usage. Thus this law is also known as the law of conservation of energy. The law focuses on the internal energy changes and the effects that occur as a result of transfer of heat (Potter, 61). Several engineers and scientists who contribut ed in the formulation of the above mentioned law include eminent personalities like James Joule, James Watt, Benjamin Thompson and others. For the particular study a biological sketch of Sir James Watt has been obtained and his contribution in the first law of thermodynamics has also been studied. James Watt: James Watt was born in Scotland in the year 1736. He became interested in mathematical instruments when he was 17 years old followed by his interests in the functioning of the steam engines required to pump water. By the time he was 29 years old, the mechanical engineer was involved in the formation of condensers for steam engines after he thoroughly conducted studies on the features and applications of steam engines. Further in the year 1767, the engineer aided in the vision at long distances with his creation of telescopes. Moving on, Watt was concerned and focused his work on

Puffin Parcel Group Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Puffin Parcel Group - Case Study Example Andre’s vision for Puffin Parcel Group (PPG) will herald a number of changes on the previous business processes in order for the people and structure to be suited to the new business strategies. Given that PPG has over the past decade operated a reliable service to local businesses in Manchester, the processes must be transformed to accommodate the expansion to other platforms. Expansion to the home delivery and returns market increases the complexity of business processes in PPG. Whereas the employees were used to working in a system that only supported collection and delivery to and from local businesses, they will now incorporate home delivery and collection to the business processes. This might also translate into a need for PPG to absorb some of the drivers on casual contract into its network of permanent full-time drivers. Having an online presence will have significant impact on PPG due to the impact of e-commerce on sales and marketing efforts. Liang (2010) notes the internet performs a number of significant functions, which improves efficiency in areas of operations such as information acquisition, organization, processing, storage and transfer. However, for the business to enjoy success brought about by these changes, the management should introduce changes targeting payment systems and logistic, which promotes innovations. These platforms means that although PPG does not open physical offices in other regions, its presence will expand to reach to national and also adds to potential exploitation of international customers. Among the areas that will change  is time of business operation. Online business will make it necessary for PPG to adopt a 24/7 business operation to fully capitalize on existing markets.  

Von Mangoldt function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Von Mangoldt function - Essay Example There are various functions that relates to the Von function. Some of the functions that relates to the Von function is the mobius function, the divisor function and the phi function amongst others. In number theory, the phi function φ(n), is a part of the arithmetic function that counts the n totatives, that is, the positive integers that are less than or equal to n that are mainly prime to n. If n is a positive integer, then φ(n) is the integer number k in the range 1 ≠¤ k ≠¤ n for which the biggest common divisor gcd (n,k)=1. The totient function refers to a multiplicative function that means that where two numbers n and m are relatively prim, then φ(mn)  =  Ãâ€ (m)φ(n). The Euler’s product formula states A divisor function is also a part of the arithmetic function linked to the integer divisors. When denoted as the divisor function, it states the integer divisors number. It comes out as a remarkable identities involving relationships with the Eisenstein series and Riemann zeta function of modular forms. A linked formula is the divisor summatory function that like the name is the sum exceeding the divisor function. The Von function is related to the divisor function through the summatory function. The subsequent chebyshey function ψ(x) is the summatory function associated with the von Mangoldt function: There are various aspects that surround the Von function. Many questions have been asked as to whether the Von function is multiplicative. The von function is one of the most significant arithmetic function that cannot be classified as additive or multiplicative. An arithmetic function a is said to be completely additive if a (mn) = a (m) + a (n) for all the natural numbers m and n. An arithmetic function is attributed to be completely multiplicative if a (mn) = a (m) a (n) for all the natural numbers m and n. Two whole numbers n and m are referred to as comprise if their greatest common divisor equals 1, meaning that there

Evening News Essay Example for Free

Evening News Essay News is information or a presentation about current events and is reported by a variety of means such as newspapers, periodicals, radio, television and websites on the Internet. The reporting of news falls into the field of journalism, which are typically written or broadcast in news style. Most news is investigated and presented by journalists and can be distributed to various sites via news agencies. On the other hand, according to a web encyclopedia, â€Å"Short for Web log, a blog is a Web page that serves as a publicly accessible personal journal for an individual. Typically updated daily, blogs often reflect the personality of the author.†(par. 1). A blog is a mixture of a persons experiences in life and what is happening on the Web. It is like a kind of a personal diary-cum-guide site. There are unique types of people, thus, there are as many unique types of blogs as well. In another case, a blog is also a web site that contains dated entries in reverse chronological order (most recent first) about a particular topic. Functioning as an online newsletter, blogs can be written by one person or a group of contributors. Entries contain commentary and links to other Web sites, and images as well as a search facility is also included. Most blogs also invite feedback and comments from visitors and Internet newsgroup discussions, which tend to be more question-and-answer oriented. People have already maintained blogs before but it only gained momentum in 1999 when automated published systems were introduced. Nowadays, thousands of people use web site blog hosting services to simplify and accelerate the publishing process. The template-based software makes it easy to create an online blog and continuously allows you to add entries. Similarly like news, a blog   is a form of media. However, news is considered a traditional media while blog is connoted as internet type of media. It is a platform to communicate what anyone may wish to let anyone know within reach of an internet connection. In traditional media, you are first defined by your medium. There is some constraint on how the contents are delivered physically or digitally which is determined by your medium. According to Maverick blog article, â€Å"There is a cost versus time versus interest versus access series of constraints that determines who your audience is, how you reach them and what they expect of you. Over time, those constraints have evolved our media into very defined roles†(par. 3). Blogs are different. There is no cost constraint. It costs nothing to create a blog. There are time constraints, but much less than traditional media. Bloggers are not pressured   to publish or create an article on a schedule. Blogging is basically personal and this is where the paths of blogging and traditional media diverge. Traditional media is business, thus it has become exclusively corporate while blogging remains almost exclusively personal. However, some bloggers have started to make money from their blogs but what they put in their blogs is all up to them which gives them satisfaction.   Members of traditional media are employees. They get hired for a specific job and they have to do that job. They get hired by a corporation that is most likely public, which means that their employers are concerned in getting their stock price up above all else. Thus, they write news and articles that is dictated by subjects perceived to make more money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In comparison to mainstream media, blog gives anyone the freedom to write about anything. They can write opinion. They can report facts. They can ask questions. They can write any topics they want. Individual Web surfers post their own eclectic and varied thoughts. Still, others such as known political parties, religious and professional groups, businesses, and media organizations have created their own blog sites too. A report by Snow states that, â€Å"audience for blogs in general is more than 3.5 million strong, and growing. One group that surveys political blogs believes between 20,000 and 25,000 people are regularly talking about political topics on Weblogs. These days people from every corner of the country are finding each other on screen. The impact of all this dialogue is hard to gauge, but it is clearly shaping politics and media coverage†(par. 16-18). Wright also presented that â€Å"Blogging grew from the ground up as a grassroots effort. What started as a few people conversing about common interests via real-time Internet postings has become a continuous conversation among millions of   bloggers and readers. With millions of bloggers expressing their thoughts, experiences, and information they’ve learned in their fields of interest, this medium has become a worldwide forum†(3). Another interesting development of blog in comparison to traditional media is that even news agencies have created their own section termed newsblogs. Auty argues that â€Å"newsblogs supplement and work alongside traditional news media by filtering and reporting news. She praises the growth of personal diaries and eyewitness accounts (such as those that sprung up after 9/ 11) but overall sees blogs as being a new way of distributing and collecting the news rather than a new source of news itself†(341). The rapid pace of technology is changing the nature of blogs as well. The popularity of digital audio players such as the iPod has spurred the growth of blogs with audio content. People can download a wide range of audio files like music and listen to them at their convenience using a PC or a portable media player. The rapid adoption in the use of cell phones with built-in digital cameras and wireless Internet connections is also changing the face and pace of blogging. Bloggers armed with these tools can snap a picture, writes a short caption and then post it on a moblog or mobile log, regardless of time and place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, with these conveniences brought about by blogging and the personal satisfaction they give on people, it is not surprising that future generations will no longer subscribe to traditional media. As Wright argues, â€Å"blogs have the power to create businesses, change the course of political history, and transform the way the mainstream or traditional media looks at itself.†(2). BIBLIOGRAPHY Auty, Caroline(Editor). Politics and Government in the Age of the Internet. Bradford, , UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2005. p 341. Blogging Vs. Traditional Media. Blog Maverick Website. May 13, 2006. 27 Oct. 2006http://www.blogmaverick.com/2006/05/13/ Snow, Kate. The Power of the Blog. ABC News website. Sept. 26, 2004. 27 Oct. 2006http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Vote2004/story?id=123452page=2 Webopedia. The No. 1 Online Encyclopedia dedicated to Computer Technology. 26 Oct. 2006http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/b/blog.html Wright, Jeremy. Blog Marketing. Blacklick, OH, USA: McGraw-Hill Companies, The, 2005. p 2-3.

Migration From The Countryside To Cities Environmental Sciences Essay

Migration From The Countryside To Cities Environmental Sciences Essay The desire to increase income encourages people who live in rural areas to leave their lands and homes. This movement is called Urbanisation which means the migration from countryside to cities in particular in developing and poor countries. This terminology or buzzword emerges in Latin conference. It may be defined in different ways. MEDCs (more economics developed countries) and LEDCs (less economics developed countries), for example, have examined it in different ways. LEDCs have defined it as the encouragement of people who reside in rural areas to migrate to cities whereas MEDCs has defended it as a process of dysfunctional movement of people from country sides to large cities. In other words, urbanisation means disappearance of many aspects of life in areas which surround cities such as agriculture, as a consequence of the migration to large towns and cities. It may also be defined as Elliot (1999) says the movement of people from communities concerned chiefly or solely with ag riculture to other communities generally larger whose activities are primarily centered in government, trade, manufacture or allied interests(Elliot. J.A. 1999). The negative influences of this phenomenon have exceeded the positive effects. Therefore, most countries, in particular developed ones, have been attempting to reduce the population inside cities and towns. This step is responsible for maintaining sustainability for those countries particularly in the field of development. Sustainable development is known as the ability of an activity or development to continue in the long term without undermining that part of the environment which sustains it (SNH, 1993). In addition, it may be defined as the searching for high quality of living without affecting the environment (English Nature, 1993). However, there is a contradiction between urbanisation and sustainable development, because urbanisation has tremendous problematic effects on environment whereas sustainable development seeks to create healthy cities and towns. Urbanisation in all countries has many negative effects therefore there are a considerable number of policies have been suggested to deter these problems. This project will present two problems of urbanisation, lack of space and increasing private cars owners then will highlight some causes of it and finally will suggest three solutions in order to solve these problems of urbanisation. 1. LACK OF SPACE 1.1 CAUSES The prime reason behind peoples movement from rural areas to urban ones is that they seek higher living standards because they believe cities are more desirable than where they live. However, moving to cities without planning will cause many problems for both settlers and governments. Some troubles that may face squatters as a result of sudden and unplanned moving to cities are lack of basic living standards and pollution. 1.2 EFFECTS Because most migrants who desire to improve their income by moving to industrialised areas are poor and they cannot afford renting flats or buying houses, they will accept living anywhere even in ill developed places. As a result of this, settlers always reside in the edge of cities and it is known as shanty town. These settlements are always built in illegal ways therefore they lack of the basic elements of services such as water, sewerage system and health care (Bilham-Boult et al, 1999). In advanced countries or even in developing countries, governments usually attempt to build cities in modern ways by establishing great infrastructures. These infrastructures are built to present good facilities for people such as road networks, transportation and sewerage systems. Also one of these facilities is to connect houses with main sources of water by constructing pipes of water. However, as discussed earlier, most settlements are built randomly, thus they have access to these important facilities. Hence, squatters are required to pay for water carts and this will cost them a considerable amount of money and sometimes paying for water will be unaffordable for them because most settlers are poor. In Accra, for example, only 35 per cent of houses have been connected to water sources and 24 per cent use basic pipes whereas 28 per cent of citizens buy water from water vending carts (Bilham-Boult et al, 1999). Lack of pipes of water means lack of sewerage system, according to Bilham (1999) the pollution in shanty towns in particular the pollution in water has increased rapidly because some cities have no sewerage system therefore sewage is still drained directly to rivers and to main sources of water. Moreover, settlers build pits dug to gather the sewage into it, further, these pits dug may construct among the cities which responsible for bringing a huge numbers of bacteria and diseases for people who reside near it. 1.3 SOLUTIONS After discussing the main problems which may face squatters in shanty towns, the following paragraphs will point out some problems that may encounter governments due to urbanisation. Unplanned moving from country sides to cities causes many problems for governments because that requires construct new infrastructures or even builds new territories for new comers and this will be very costly. Furthermore, the demands to create jobs for squatters will take place because most squatters sale their farms and lands to help them shift from rural areas to urban ones. Another problem is that the necessity of establishing social services such as health care, education and transportation will rise as well. However, many solutions have been suggested to solve the problems of urbanisation. One of these solutions is that governments should encourage their farmers who live in rural areas to stay there by making all facilities which exist in cities available in countryside such as schools, health care centers and transportation. In addition, by making this step that will be very helpful to solve the problem of unemployment because that will increase the opportunities of migrants who desire to move to urban areas to find a job in their areas instead in urban areas. 2. TRANSPORTATION Another problem that may be increased due to urbanisation is the increasing of private cars owners. Therefore, the following paragraphs will examine the causes and effects of rising vehicle use. 2.1 CAUSES The most considerable cause of depending on private automobiles is the price because most cars companies have reduced the prices of the cars by making it very affordable. Hence, most people prefer buying cars rather than using public transportation because they believe using public transportation wastes time and money. Wasting time is due to the commuters are must walk from their homes and work to the nearest station and vice versa and they also spend a considerable amount of money because they must buy tickets for all travels even for small journeys. This was not only the reason of increasing the number of private automobiles, but the reasonable price of fuels also encourages people to purchase cars. Moreover, the price of fuels compare with the tickets prices of journeys seems to be much more affordable for people in particular for large families. However, the most significant reason beyond the reliance on cars is the shortage of public transportation. In many cities the rail networks and high ways do not cover all areas which surround cities. Therefore, most people are required to purchase cars particularly people who work away from the urban areas or people who live in rural areas and work in cities. In addition, some cities were built since 19th or early 20th century, thus they lack planning and good organisation which means they lack infrastructures. Because of this, it is very difficult for governments to rebuild and reorganise cities because that will cost the governments a huge amount of money. 2.2 EFFECTS As a result of increasing the number of private cars, many effects will emerge such as congestion, energy consumption, air pollution, noise, health and a significant number of accidents. However, the most important effect is air pollution because it is a consequence of congestion and energy consumption. Air pollution not only effects the environment of cities but it will also harm the health of people because it carries many emissions such as carbon dioxide. 2.3 SOLUTIONS Many solutions have been suggested to solve the problems of urbanisation. One of these solutions is to connect all areas which include the city itself and all areas surrounded it by one system. It may cost governments an enormous amount of money, but by taking this step public transportation will be more desirable than private vehicle. It will save time and money for commuters who move from place to place frequently. Moreover, issuing uniform tickets of buses and railway with affordable and reasonable prices will be a most grateful solution in particular for large families. This step will ease transferring between public transportation by establishing short distances of travelling. Finally, if governments want to reduce the number of cars they should raise taxes, parking fees and the price of fuels. This stage will encourage people to use public transportation. This encouragement also needs to create informative programmes to raise the awareness of people particularly in the harm of using private cars such as the pollution and the rapid increasing of accident rates. CONCLUSION The former paragraphs have stated the negative impacts of urbanisation in particular the problems of lack of space and the increase of private cars owners. A number of policies have been discussed by some governments which may be mainly helpful to solve the problematic negative influences of urbanisation. As discussed earlier, urbanisation has a great deal of harmful impacts, they could be exceeded its benefits. One of these negative effects is that most settlements are built randomly therefore they lack basic living standards as well as basic elements of services. One of these services is to connect those settlements by main sources of water. Therefore, when these shanty towns lack pipes of water that will lead to another problem which is lack of sewerage system. As a result of lack of sewerage system, sewage is drained directly to rivers and main sources of water which is responsible for bringing a huge number of bacteria and disease for squatters who live in those towns. Furthermore, these settlements are lacking to transportation because they were built in illegal ways which make governments unable to construct infrastructures in these shanty towns. In other words, if governments want to destroy these towns and rebuild it in modern ways that would cost them an enormous amount of money. This step may be unaffordable for some governments in particular for developing countries. This issue has led to another consequence, the lack of infrastructures encourages settlers use their own cars which lead to traffic congestion, air pollution then healthy problems for people who reside in shanty towns and surrounded areas. Moreover, the reasonable prices of cars and fuels encourage people to purchase private automobiles because they have already an illustration which says having a car will save time and money, but sometimes this illustration may be wrong. Hence, many countries attempt to reduce cars uses by encouraging people to use public transportation as the best way to solve the problem of air pollution and traffic congestion. To reduce cars uses, some solutions have been suggested; one of them is to connect all areas by one system of public transportation. This step may be very costly for some governments, but it will reduce the uses of private vehicles. Moreover, issuing a uniform ticket for buses and railways will make public transportation more desirable than using private cars. On the other hand, some solutions have been suggested to solve the problems of urbanisation in general. One of these solutions is to encourage people to stay in rural areas by establishing all the desirable facilities which exist in large cities such as schools, hospitals and public transportation in countryside. Also governments must produce informative programmes for those squatters who want to migrate from rural areas to megacities. For those people who want to continue searching in this area, this project recommends them to search how governments can set up informative programmes effectively to persuade migrants to stay in rural areas. BIBIOLGRAPHY Adams, W.M. (1999). Sustainability. In P. Cloke, P. Crang M. Goodwin (Eds.), Introducing human geographies (pp. 125-130). London: Arnold. Bilham-Boult, Blades, H., Hancock, J., Keeling, W. Ridout, M. (1999). People, places and themes (pp. 202-205; P. 208). Oxford: Heinemann. Elliot, J.A (1999). An introduction to sustainable development. London: Routledge. Newman, P. (1999). Transport: reducing automobile dependence. In D. Satterthwaite (Ed.), The Earthscan reader in sustainable cities (pp. 67-92). London: Earthscan Publications. UK Government. (2004). Sustainable development; the UK governments veiw. Retrieved October 10, 2004, from government website: http://www.sustainable-development.gov.uk

Company Background History Of Honda Motors

Company Background History Of Honda Motors Honda Motor Co., Ltd, Japanese Multinational Corporation, known as a manufacturer of Automobiles and Motorcycles, was found on 24th September 1948 by Mr. Soichiro Honda and Mr. Takeo Fujisawa. Honda in Japanese literal meaning is root field or origin field. Mr. Soichiro worked as a mechanic at Japanese tuning shop, Art Shokai, since in his young age. Then in a self-taught engineer, he designed his first drafts of piston design and sold to Toyota, but it was rejected. Because of shortage of gasoline during World War II, he was not able to develop in producing the car. After that he established The Honda Technical Research Institution in Japan of small engine for 2 bicycles. And his first motorcycle was Honda Cub; first automobile was T360 mini pick-up truck. PRODUCTS BRAND Automobile Hondas global lineup consists of the Fit, Civic, Accord, Insight, CR-V, and Odyssey. An early proponent of developing vehicles to cater to different needs and markets worldwide, Hondas lineup varies by country and may feature vehicles exclusive to that region. Moreover, Honda entered Formula One as a constructor for the first time in the 1964 season at the German Grand Prix with Ronnie Bucknum at the wheel. Some of Honda vehicle models are 2000-2006 Honda Insight (53 mpg-US/4.4 L/100 km; 64 mpg-imp combined), 1986-1987 Honda Civic Coupe HF (46 mpg-US/5.1 L/100 km; 55 mpg-imp combined), 1994-1995 Honda Civic hatchback VX (43 mpg-US/5.5 L/100 km; 52 mpg-imp mpg combined), 2006- Honda Civic Hybrid (42 mpg-US/5.6 L/100 km; 50 mpg-imp combined), and 2010- Honda Insight (41 mpg-US/5.7 L/100 km; 49 mpg-imp combined). Motorcycles Being the largest motorcycle manufacturer in Japan, Honda started its production in 1955. Honda reached its peak in 1892 for manufacturing almost 3 million motorcycles annually. By 2006 this figure had reduced to around 550,000 but was still higher than its three domestic competitors. Honda also appeared in the Motorsports called Honda Racing Corporation (HRC) in 1982. The company combines participation in motorcycle races throughout the world with the development of high potential racing machines. Its racing activities are an important source for the creation of leading edge technologies used in the development of Honda motorcycles. HRC also contributes to the advancement of motorcycle sports through a range of activities that include sales of production racing motorcycles, support for satellite teams, and rider education programs. Some of Honda Motorcycles Models are Honda CD 70, CD 100, and CG 125. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda). Power product Engine The company started engine production in 1953 with H-type. Honda power equipments reached record sales in 2007 with 6,4 million units. Its quality completes line of generators for commercial and consumer applications. All Honda Generators meet or exceed EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) emission standards. Some of Power Equipments are EU1000iA, EU2000iA Camo, and EU6500iSA. Honda is also the worlds largest manufacturer of engines and has earned its reputation for unsurpassed quality, performance and reliability. The purpose engines are designed to meet or exceed the demands of the customers through advanced engine technology, quality components and state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities throughout the world. Honda Engine Products are GC160, GCV160, iGX340, and iGX440. Robots ASIMO is a robot developed under Hondas Research Development robotics program. It is the eleventh in a line of successive builds starting in 1986 with Honda E0 moving through the ensuing Honda E series and the Honda P series. Honda has also pioneered new technology in its HA-420 HondaJet that allows new levels of reduced drag, increased aerodynamics and fuel efficiency thus reducing operating costs. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda). SWOT TABLE Strengths à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ High and powerful research and development RD à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Innovation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Best market share leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Strong and powerful brand equity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Different and unique products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ One major strength is the revolutionary engine technology with the help of which Honda is gaining success day by day à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Popularity is termed as one of the best strength which results in betterment for the company Weaknesses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cost structure of Honda is high as compare to other automobile manufacturers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Apart from Nissan Toyota, Honda requires privileged purchase deposit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Honda focus more on international deposits as compare to domestic deposits à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Civic model is consider as one of the major weakness for Honda Company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Honda products are termed as inoffensive in terms of style and design à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Prices for non-luxury vehicles are far high as compare to other manufacturers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In truck line, Honda Company is not offering strong products and proposals Opportunities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Honda has the best opportunity to use its RD in producing cars according to the needs and demands of their customer. This is only possible because of the increase in demand for less pollution cars. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Emerging market is one of the best opportunity for this company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Various models are there which caters the lower segment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fuel efficiency is now a days termed as one of the best opportunity which can results in the best productivity for the company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Alliances are the best opportunities for Honda Company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Honda can increase its production by focusing on sales and research à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They can gain more popularity by doing better research and development Threats à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ One of the major threat is the economic slowdown à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ All the external changes for instance taxes, politics as well as government are the major threats for Honda Company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Another threat is the lower cost competitors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Price war is also consider as an important threat for this company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Oil pricesare contributing a lot towards the loss of Honda company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Second movers are the major threat for Honda company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Substitute products are the major threats for the Honda company EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIARIES Business of Honda Motor Co., Ltd are Automobiles, Motorcycles, Financial Service and Power products. According to fiscal report in 2006, around the world this company employed 144,785 employees. 28,783 employees worked in Motorcycle Business field. 105, 623 employees worked in Automobile Business field. 1,921 employees worked in Financial Service Business field. And 8,458 employees worked in Power Product and Others Business field. Its head office is located in Tokyo, Japan. It contains many subsidiaries around the world such as Europe (UK, Spain, Germany, Bdellium, France and Italy), Asia (Japan, China, Taiwan, Thai, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, India Pakistan, and Philippine), North Africa (USA, Canada, and Mexico) and others (Brazil, Turkey, Australia, and New Zealand). Due to net sale report in 2007, regularly income of Honda in Europe is 1,236,757 million yen, 5,980,876 million yen in North Africa, 2,964,344 million yen in Asia, and 905,163 million yen in others. Sale report ch art in 2007 category by region: COMPETITOR There are many competitor of the company. Automobile: Mitsubishi Motors, Nissan, Auto sale (Chevrolet), Camko Motor (Hyundai), Lexus, Mercedes, Toyota, Kia Motors and RM Asia (Ford). Motorcycle: Yamaha and Suzuki. III. COMPANY STUCTURE STAFF MOTIVATION Honda motivation system provide as below: + Training course for specific skill to abroad: staffs need to work for the company at least two year after coming back + Annual increasing salary: evaluation staff (A= 15%, B= 10%, C=5% of their current salary) +Annual bonus: evaluation staff (A= 100%, B= 85%, C=75% of their current salary) + Insurances: health insurance and life insurance + Disability: non discrimination + Paid time off (Overtime paid) + Retirement plan + Provide associate and their families IV. MANAGEMENT STUCTURE Honda is multinational company. It integrates itself into many part of the World in many different forms of management to adapt to the real environment. This flexible management style allows Honda to gain great benefits from their investment. Moreover, through this system of glocalization, Honda is still a strong company among its competitors. V. FINANCIAL STATUS Financial report Honda Motor Co., Ltd., and Subsidiaries Years ended March 31 2009 (http://khuram.synthasite.com)

Hester Prynne, of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, and Margare

Hester Prynne, of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, and Margaret Fuller, Themid-nineteenth-century Campaigner for the Rights of Women "Endowed in certain respects with the sensibility of Margaret Fuller, the great campaigner for the rights of women, Hester Prynne is as much a woman of mid-nineteenth-century American culture as she is of seventeenth-century Puritan New England." Is this an accurate assessment of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter? Margaret Fuller (1810-1850) was an author, critic, editor and teacher who "possessed more influence on the thought of American women than any woman previous to her time" [1]. She contributed significantly to the American Renaissance in literature and to mid-nineteenth century reform movements. A brilliant and highly educated member of the Transcendentalist group, she challenged Ralph Waldo Emerson both intellectually and emotionally. Women who attended her "conversations" and many men of her time found Fuller's influence life-changing. Her major work, Woman in the Nineteenth Century published in 1845, profoundly affected the women's rights movement which had its formal beginning at Seneca Falls, New York, three years later. Hester Prynne is the protagonist of Nathaniel Hawthorne's romantic novel, The Scarlet Letter, which is set in seventeenth-century Puritan New England. As a young woman, Hester married an elderly scholar, Roger Chillingworth, who sent her ahead to America to live but never followed. While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl. Found guilty of adultery (through the absence of her husband and the birth of Pearl), Hester is punished by being forced to wear a scarlet lette... ...on, 1996 4 The Scarlet Letter, p.263 5 Puritanism in Early America, edited by George M. Waller, p.6 6 The Scarlet Letter, p.53 7 Ibid. p.144-5 8 Ibid. p.195 9 Ibid. p.165 10 Ibid. p.86 11 Ibid. p.263 12 Charles Capper, in An American Romantic Life. p.ix. 13 The Scarlet Letter, p.165. 14 Ibid. p.263 15 Ibid. p.263 16 An American Romantic Life, p. xi 17 The Scarlet Letter, p.94 18 Ibid. p.263 19 Ibid. p.263 20 Margaret Fuller, Julia Ward Howe, 1889 21 The Scarlet Letter, p.113 22 Ibid. p.117 Bibliography Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. History of Woman Suffrage, 1881 Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scarlet Letter, Oxford World's Classics, 1990 The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Ninth Edition, 1996 George M. Waller, (Ed). Puritanism in Early America Charles Capper. An American Romantic Life Julia Ward Howe. Margaret Fuller. 1889

EuroDisney Case Analysis Essay -- Business Analysis Marketing France D

EuroDisney Case Analysis 1. What factors lead to EuroDisney's poor performance during its first year of operation? EuroDisney had a disastrous first year in Paris, France. There were many reasons that contributed to the horrible start. I am going to discuss six reasons why I think EuroDisney had such a hard time adjusting in Europe. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was cheaper for European families to travel to Disney World in Orlando, FL. Not only was the trip to Orlando going to be cheaper, but it was almost guaranteed that the weather was going to be spectacular. People go on vacation to have a good time, but more importantly to enjoy the weather. People in Europe and around the world are not going to vacation at a spot where the weather is going to be unpredictable. France gets cold in the winter, therefore going to Disney World in Orlando would be more logical. It will be cheaper and the weather is going to be decent for whenever you choose to go. 2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The French culture did not like the American Fairy-tale characters. The French had their own fairy-tale characters; one even has a park located near EuroDisney. Starting up a company internationally is an extremely hard task. Researching the culture of the country in which the company is going to be located is extremely important. When the plans to bring EuroDisney to Paris were finalized, they should have begun extensive research on the culture and history of France. By not doing that Disney may have insulted the French, but more so they hurt their chances of making money. 3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The whole Disney idea was not sitting well with the French people. For example, during a trip to France in 1989 Michael Eisner was hit with eggs by a French columnist. When a culture shows somebody this much disrespect, take it as a hint and get out. The French people were extremely upset at the thought of having an American tourist attraction arrive onto their land. When Japan got Disneyland they welcomed it with open arms. Each culture and country is different as it pertains to other cultures. Japan?s successful adaptation to an American tourist attraction all but guaranteed its success in Europe. 4.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Disney?s had a reputation of maintaining a quality park for its customers to enjoy. The French people got upset when Disney began to market EuroDisney by referring to its size and glitz, instead of by the variety of attract... ... trying to conduct business will not be difficult. Communication is the key to business, without proper means of communication it becomes extremely difficult to conduct business. The English people would love to have a little piece of America in their country, so why not give them the largest theme park, Disneyland. Of course proper research is going to be conducted to determine how and where the park is going to be constructed. Cultural background checks are going to be extensive, and the park is going to cater to the English culture and way of life. Another reason I chose England was because of the rich history that it has. Without England America would not be around. Tourists that travel to England would get a treat in Disneyland. With England?s history why not add an enormous tourist attraction. The country would benefit from a great deal from Disneyland, more tourists will visit and more revenue will be made. The entire country would benefit from the arrival of Disneyland, b ut more importantly the people will benefit. Disney characters are so popular, so why not expose them to people who are not fortunate enough. With Britain?s similar culture it would be a perfect fit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   EuroDisney Case Analysis Essay -- Business Analysis Marketing France D EuroDisney Case Analysis 1. What factors lead to EuroDisney's poor performance during its first year of operation? EuroDisney had a disastrous first year in Paris, France. There were many reasons that contributed to the horrible start. I am going to discuss six reasons why I think EuroDisney had such a hard time adjusting in Europe. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was cheaper for European families to travel to Disney World in Orlando, FL. Not only was the trip to Orlando going to be cheaper, but it was almost guaranteed that the weather was going to be spectacular. People go on vacation to have a good time, but more importantly to enjoy the weather. People in Europe and around the world are not going to vacation at a spot where the weather is going to be unpredictable. France gets cold in the winter, therefore going to Disney World in Orlando would be more logical. It will be cheaper and the weather is going to be decent for whenever you choose to go. 2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The French culture did not like the American Fairy-tale characters. The French had their own fairy-tale characters; one even has a park located near EuroDisney. Starting up a company internationally is an extremely hard task. Researching the culture of the country in which the company is going to be located is extremely important. When the plans to bring EuroDisney to Paris were finalized, they should have begun extensive research on the culture and history of France. By not doing that Disney may have insulted the French, but more so they hurt their chances of making money. 3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The whole Disney idea was not sitting well with the French people. For example, during a trip to France in 1989 Michael Eisner was hit with eggs by a French columnist. When a culture shows somebody this much disrespect, take it as a hint and get out. The French people were extremely upset at the thought of having an American tourist attraction arrive onto their land. When Japan got Disneyland they welcomed it with open arms. Each culture and country is different as it pertains to other cultures. Japan?s successful adaptation to an American tourist attraction all but guaranteed its success in Europe. 4.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Disney?s had a reputation of maintaining a quality park for its customers to enjoy. The French people got upset when Disney began to market EuroDisney by referring to its size and glitz, instead of by the variety of attract... ... trying to conduct business will not be difficult. Communication is the key to business, without proper means of communication it becomes extremely difficult to conduct business. The English people would love to have a little piece of America in their country, so why not give them the largest theme park, Disneyland. Of course proper research is going to be conducted to determine how and where the park is going to be constructed. Cultural background checks are going to be extensive, and the park is going to cater to the English culture and way of life. Another reason I chose England was because of the rich history that it has. Without England America would not be around. Tourists that travel to England would get a treat in Disneyland. With England?s history why not add an enormous tourist attraction. The country would benefit from a great deal from Disneyland, more tourists will visit and more revenue will be made. The entire country would benefit from the arrival of Disneyland, b ut more importantly the people will benefit. Disney characters are so popular, so why not expose them to people who are not fortunate enough. With Britain?s similar culture it would be a perfect fit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Do People Have the Right to Die? Essay -- Euthanasia, Argumentative Ess

A disabled man shares his personal experience with euthanasia: As a quadriplegic who has been paralyzed from the chest down for over 24 years, I want to address the dangerous potential ramifications of legalizing physician assisted suicide (PAS) from a viewpoint of personal experience. The past danger I am referring to concerns the time when I was first paralyzed. My paralysis is the result of a broken neck and spinal cord injury from a car accident in 1975. Add to this cheery scenario the fact that I was soon greeted by a doctor who told me I was not supposed to have lived as long as I had, would most likely die shortly, or, in the best case would spend the remainder of my life confined to a wheelchair and you know I was not in the best of moods. After I surprised the doctors and lived to get into rehab, they told me, at that time, the average lifespan of a male quadriplegic was 36 years. By then, I would probably die from a pressure sore, kidney failure, or other related complication. That meant my best hope was 15 more years paralyzed. I'm 45 now and can look back on that laughingly. It wasn't so funny then. I spent 6 weeks getting medically stable followed by 4 and a half months in rehabilitation. During that period, there were MANY times when I didn't know if I wanted to go on. What have I done since the accident? I have lived semi-independently for nearly 23 years. In 1985, I graduated the University of Southern Maine with a B.A. in Communication. In 1989, I graduated Regent University in Virginia Beach with an M.A. in Creative Writing/Journalism. While there, I also worked with a large non-profit organization, received an outstanding service award for working 5 years in an inner city project, wrote and sold 2 radio... ...a's Family Doctor. Random House:1991. http://www.euthanasia.com/koop.html. (27 Sept 2003). Lewis, Trixie. "Dying with Dignity." Positive Living. 2003: p.1-2. Online. Internet. http://www.alpha.org/apla/positiveliving/1199/letters.html. (28 Sept 2003). Lykes, Fred. "A Defense of Physican Assisted Suicide(PAS)." p. 1-10. http://www.bluesky7.com/. (27 Sept 2003). Saunders, Peter. "Twelve Reasons Why Euthanasia Should Not Be Legalized." Christian Medical Fellowship. 1997: p. 1-6. http://www.cmf.org.uk/ethics/twelve.htm. (28 Sept 2003). Singer, Peter. "Freedom and the Right to Die." Online Opinion. 2002: p.1-3. Online. Internet. http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/2002/May02/Singer.htm. (28 Sept 2003). Smith, Wesley. "We Ignore the Dutch Legalization of Euthanasia at Our Own Peril." 17 Dec 2000: p. 1-3. http://www.euthanasua.com/nethcases.html. (27 Sept 2003). Do People Have the Right to Die? Essay -- Euthanasia, Argumentative Ess A disabled man shares his personal experience with euthanasia: As a quadriplegic who has been paralyzed from the chest down for over 24 years, I want to address the dangerous potential ramifications of legalizing physician assisted suicide (PAS) from a viewpoint of personal experience. The past danger I am referring to concerns the time when I was first paralyzed. My paralysis is the result of a broken neck and spinal cord injury from a car accident in 1975. Add to this cheery scenario the fact that I was soon greeted by a doctor who told me I was not supposed to have lived as long as I had, would most likely die shortly, or, in the best case would spend the remainder of my life confined to a wheelchair and you know I was not in the best of moods. After I surprised the doctors and lived to get into rehab, they told me, at that time, the average lifespan of a male quadriplegic was 36 years. By then, I would probably die from a pressure sore, kidney failure, or other related complication. That meant my best hope was 15 more years paralyzed. I'm 45 now and can look back on that laughingly. It wasn't so funny then. I spent 6 weeks getting medically stable followed by 4 and a half months in rehabilitation. During that period, there were MANY times when I didn't know if I wanted to go on. What have I done since the accident? I have lived semi-independently for nearly 23 years. In 1985, I graduated the University of Southern Maine with a B.A. in Communication. In 1989, I graduated Regent University in Virginia Beach with an M.A. in Creative Writing/Journalism. While there, I also worked with a large non-profit organization, received an outstanding service award for working 5 years in an inner city project, wrote and sold 2 radio... ...a's Family Doctor. Random House:1991. http://www.euthanasia.com/koop.html. (27 Sept 2003). Lewis, Trixie. "Dying with Dignity." Positive Living. 2003: p.1-2. Online. Internet. http://www.alpha.org/apla/positiveliving/1199/letters.html. (28 Sept 2003). Lykes, Fred. "A Defense of Physican Assisted Suicide(PAS)." p. 1-10. http://www.bluesky7.com/. (27 Sept 2003). Saunders, Peter. "Twelve Reasons Why Euthanasia Should Not Be Legalized." Christian Medical Fellowship. 1997: p. 1-6. http://www.cmf.org.uk/ethics/twelve.htm. (28 Sept 2003). Singer, Peter. "Freedom and the Right to Die." Online Opinion. 2002: p.1-3. Online. Internet. http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/2002/May02/Singer.htm. (28 Sept 2003). Smith, Wesley. "We Ignore the Dutch Legalization of Euthanasia at Our Own Peril." 17 Dec 2000: p. 1-3. http://www.euthanasua.com/nethcases.html. (27 Sept 2003).

Pursuing Perfection: Society, Media and Beauty

Beauty has been long defined as a set of attractive features a certain individual appreciates. It is a generally accepted notion that beauty remains to be declared by the one who sees. However, as time went by, people’s sight blurred and along the chaos, this individual’s notion of beauty became the one and only truth. Being sensitive to what is real beauty is as dull as it sounds inefficient.To simply redefine what is beauty is never simple. Influenced from certain icons, highlighted by flashing media, and affirmed by many socialites, beauty has become more than a description of the face. Women had to be always pretty and slim.Men had to be muscular and strong. It has become a high demand in the market where hobbies and little appreciation became obsessions. The American society would almost chant miracles by cosmetic surgeries. The media plays a major influence, the society tolerates the subtle imposition, and the person within grasps the whole idea with both arms. Me dia Affirmation Media affirms the silent speculation of how people define beauty. People think they will not fit in with other people and ad commercials will show them how they can be happier when they are as beautiful as their models. It will be a challenge, the ad would say, but worth doing so.Little did the audience know that they were simply trying to sell their products that truthfully caring for their lives. To be young and full of physical life is the only key to happiness. According to website Media Awareness Network, ads take advantage of the insecurities of the people. Those who are not beautiful should use their products. When they use the products, and achieve the kind of beauty they desire, then their lives would be worth living. These ads could be as simple as the right clothes to wear for the season or the latest trend in cosmetic surgery available in the market today.Regardless of what product it is, it will make their lives perfect, or so their ad says so. Media has presented different options: shampoos, soaps, perfume, lipstick, make-up, clothes, accessories, shoes, bags, and even underwear. Media would allow people to choose to make them feel the freely did so. But each item on the racks and shelves of malls and grocery stores lead to say one thing: if you want to be beautiful, use it until you are. Society and the Tasty Bait In this regard, media hands over a product as a bait, and society takes a bite on it.In any generation of people, what others think and feel about a certain person mattered a lot to that person. It dictates how they should fit in into society and how they can be truly happy when they are truly beautiful. When the ads say a person will have to be slim so that others would even find true friends, then it would seem then that the basis of relationships is shallow to begin with. For every culture, beauty is defined differently. However, in the latest trends of fashion and influences, and the rise of a global market, one con strued definition has crossed borders.It made the world want that kind of beauty. The kind that is rather superficial than appealing to certain existential individuals and society is most appealed by it. It is one thing to have all forms of media present a definition of beauty, it is another when the rest of society applies these bait to everything it was intended for. Website Associated Content noted that media distorts the meaning of beauty but the society takes as it is. One could even say that society even confirms the ads and everybody else should follow. People should always be beautiful and sexy no matter who or where they are.Weakling Within There will always be the option to not follow the trends and be themselves no matter how eccentric they are. But as the society dictates, the individual is more inclined to follow. This means that other affairs associated with that person is influenced by the constantly changing trends. YGoY Beauty Tips even noted that even in employment , employers also consider the physical attributes of a person before hiring them under their wing. However, as observed of majority of America, they failed to consider other attractive qualities of a person that cannot be observed by the eye by first glance.Being intelligent with a great sense of humor can also be considered as beautiful. The individual is weak and insecure. It has made them quite gullible and the companies have taken advantage of this by blasting all avenues of media possible solutions. They are saying, one will have to feel beautiful to be less miserable. With ads presenting mostly physical beauty than essential beauty, an individual will assume that beauty should start from the skin, instead of from the heart. Companies catered to the fears and insecurities and turned them around to make them buy the product to solve their problems.These assumptions, according to the abovementioned website, were affirmed by a research study. People strongly believe that physicall y beautiful people are happy and content with their lives. It has become their personal goals to reach this level. They failed to see that without being the epitome of beauty, one can achieve great happiness as well. But because the society applies what the media says, an individual bends to these trends. As another article from Associated Content said, beauty is demanding. Conclusion In the end, the definition of beauty today is the misconception of what is really most important in life.It deludes the public and make them feel secure enough to get into the next day. It pushed people to believe that you always have to fit in. Little did these people know that they are just being succumbed to buy certain products and make other people happy. Certain people bend for it and others end being obsessed with it. Beauty became a form of evil when it should be most appealing even with eyes closed. Beauty has been defined by media, as a marketing strategy to continually have their products on sale. Society takes on the definition beyond that an economic exchange. They made it as a way of life, indulging at what the media offered.The individual succumbs to the manipulation to alleviate their own insecurities. With this, one loses the essence of being an individual. Being who you are no longer mattered and fitting in did. Being happy is not being able to express oneself completely. Instead it is about being beautiful and always appealing to anyone’s eyes. They pursue perfection. But how could anyone continuously look at a person’s face, and appealed by it, if the words that come out of their painted lips are not as the plastic face has promised? References (2005). What are the notions of beauty in society. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://beautytips.ygoy. com/general-tips/effects. php. (2006, December 20). Society and the pursuit of society. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/103679/society_and_the_pursuit_of_b eauty. html? cat=9. (2008). Beauty and body image in the media. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. media-awareness. ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty. cfm. Little Lady. (2006, November 8). Media distortion of beauty. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/84381/media_distortion_of_beauty. html? page=1&cat=60.